Setting a goal is one thing; having a plan to get there is another. Sharing your strategies demonstrates that your sustainability commitments are backed by action. This level of detail gives your customers the confidence to invest in a long-term partnership with you, knowing your business is resilient and future-proof.

Select the reduction strategies that your team is either currently implementing or planning to implement anywhere in your supply chain by the end of 2030. Please note this information may take you some time to collect. After you share your responses with your customer, you can always go back, edit your information, or add more strategies.

Agroforestry practice combining trees with crops or livestock for carbon sequestration benefits, including targeted agroforestry interventions on degraded or marginal lands. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 5% – 15%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy, Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

References:

Deforestation & Conversion-Free Sourcing of Feed for Animal Production. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 100%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Deforestation- and conversion-free supply chains and land use change emissions (Accountability Framework initiative) (2022)

Direct areas of animal production are Deforestation & Conversion-Free. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 100%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Pork.

References:

Annual cropping between rows of trees to provide shade, wind, and biodiversity benefits while capturing carbon. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 10% – 30%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Perennial alley cropping contributes to decrease soil CO2 and N2O emissions and increase soil carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean almond orchard (2022)

Establishing woody hedgerows along field boundaries to sequester carbon and support biodiversity. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 4.7% – 6.4%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Planting hedgerows: Biomass carbon sequestration and contribution towards net-zero targets (2023)

Adding high-quality pyrolized plant matter (biochar) to soils to improve structure, increase nutrient holding capacity, and sequester stable carbon for long time horizons. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 22% – 24%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy, Rice.

Reference: Does biochar accelerate the mitigation of greenhouse gaseous emissions from agricultural soil? A global meta-analysis (2021)

Using a diversity of microbial species and biologically derived compounds to enhance the agronomic and environmental performance of seeds. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 21% – 35%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Genetic design of soybean hosts and bradyrhizobial endosymbionts reduces N2O emissions from soybean rhizosphere (2025)

Reducing soil disturbance via reduced, minimal or strip tillage to lower CO2 and N2O emissions from cropland. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 20% – 31%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: The role of conservation agriculture practices in mitigating N2O emissions: A meta-analysis (2023)

Planting off-season and mid-season cover crops to sequester carbon, reduce erosion, and suppress emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3% – 13%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Regulation of soil CO2 and N2O emissions by cover crops: A meta-analysis (2019)

Deforestation & Conversion-Free Sourcing of Annual Crops. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 100%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables.

Reference: Statistical Land Use Change Emissions From Deforestation and Land Occupation for Crops (WRI Technical Note) (2024)

Deploying higher-yielding or climate-adapted crop varieties to produce more output per unit of emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3% – 9%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables.

Reference: Agricultural emissions reduction potential by improving technical efficiency in crop production (2023)

Incorporating trees into annual cropping systems to sequester carbon, reduce erosion, and increase biodiversity. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 1.4% – 43.4%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Agroforestry creates carbon sinks whilst enhancing the environment in agricultural landscapes in Europe (2019)

Combining biological, cultural, and chemical pest controls to cut pesticide-related emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3% – 13%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa (2015)

Introducing legume phases in rotations to biologically fix nitrogen and reduce synthetic N-fertilizer use. Introducing legume phases in rotations to biologically fix nitrogen and reduce synthetic N-fertilizer use. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6.9% - 24.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Diversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health (2024)

Advanced Technologies for Nitrogen fertilizer production that cut N fertilizer-related significantly. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 40% - 64%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy, Rice.

Reference: Greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen fertilizers could be reduced by up to one-fifth of current levels by 2050 with combined interventions (2023)

Applying nitrification inhibitors alongside nitrogen fertilizers in annual cropping systems to slow nitrification and reduce N2O emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 11.7% - 23.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Corn, Wheat, Soy, Vegetables, Beans, Oil Crops.

Reference: Mediation of gaseous emissions and improving plant productivity by DCD and DMPP nitrification inhibitors: Meta-analysis of last three decades (2023)

Precision N-application to reduce fertilizer-related N2​O emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 17% – 19%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Precision nitrogen management in rainfed durum wheat cultivation: exploring synergies and trade-offs via energy analysis, life cycle assessment (2023)

Eliminating mechanical tillage using biological soil management to preserve soil structure and function. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3.3% – 5.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: A meta-analysis of conservation tillage management effects on soil organic carbon sequestration and soil greenhouse gas flux (2024)

Eliminating tillage using herbicide-based weed control to reduce impact on soil structure and function along with reducing fuel use. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 26% – 31%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Climate and Soil Characteristics Determine Where No-Till Management Can Store Carbon in Soils and Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2019)

Applying site-specific nitrogen rates using sensor or map-based tools to minimize N2O emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3.3% – 12%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: Addressing nitrogenous gases from croplands toward low-emission agriculture (2022)

Fertilizer avoidance leads to 100% reduction of addressed shares. Reduction potential reflects EU targets, probability of EU target achievement reflected in Section Achievability. "[...] This will reduce the use of fertilizers by at least 20% by 2030.". This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6% – 20%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy, Rice.

Reference: Modeling nitrous oxide mitigation potential of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers from agricultural systems (2021)

Reduce use of pesticides in annual cropping systems. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 8% – 16%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy, Rice.

Reference: The Role of Organic Farming in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture in the European Union (2025)

Replacing synthetic pesticides with biological alternatives to reduce cacao production emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 23% – 34%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Cacao.

Reference: Evaluation of environmental impact on cocoa production and processing under life cycle assessment method: From beans to liquor (2023)

Growing Cacao & Coffee in shade; managing shade tree density and species for optimal carbon sequestration. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Coffee, Cacao.

Reference: Low-emissions and profitable cocoa through moderate-shade agroforestry: Insights from Ghana (2024)

Introducing improved cacao and coffee varieties for higher yield and lower emissions intensity. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 19% – 23%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Coffee, Cacao.

Reference: Life cycle assessment synthesis of the carbon footprint of Arabica coffee: Case study of Brazil and Vietnam (2020)

Establishing new forests on arid & semi-arid lands with adapted species for carbon capture, scaling improved techniques for higher survival and sequestration rates.

Management and replanting of degraded forestland to restore tree cover and enhance ecological function and carbon sequestration capacity.

Applying pyrolyzed biomass to perennial crop soils to sequester carbon and reduce N2O emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 21% – 38%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

Reference: Biochar reduces N2O emission from fertilized cropland soils: a meta-analysis (2025)

Using integrated biological, cultural, and targeted chemical pest management in perennial systems. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 7% – 17%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

Reference: Integrated Pest Management: An Update on the Sustainability Approach to Crop Protection (2024)

Incorporating leguminous plants as temporary or permanent cover in perennial cropping systems to reduce synthetic N-demand. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6.9% – 24.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Coconut.

Reference: Intercropping of grain legumes and cereals improves the use of soil N resources and reduces the requirement for synthetic fertilizer N: A global-scale analysis (2020)

Advanced technologies for nitrogen fertilizer production could cut N fertilizer-related emissions significantly. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 9% – 20%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

Reference: Management Strategies to Mitigate N2O Emissions in Agriculture (2022)

Managing perennial crops via multi-strata agroforestry systems, reducing inputs and enhancing biodiversity. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Coffee, Cacao, Palm, Spices.

Reference: Determinants of carbon and nitrogen sequestration in multistrata agroforestry (2022)

Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer timing, rate, and placement in perennial plantations to reduce N2O. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3.6% – 14.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

Reference: Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on N2O emission and NH3 volatilization from orchards (2024)

Fertilizer: Avoidance leads to 100% reduction of addressed shares. Reduction potential reflects EU targets, probability of EU target achievement reflected in Section Achievability. "[...] This will reduce the use of fertilizers by at least 20% by 2030.". This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 66% – 71%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

Reference: A Global Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Management Practices on Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity from Cropland Soils (2016)

Pesticides: Avoidance leads to 100% reduction of addressed shares. Reduction potential reflects EU targets, probability of EU target achievement reflected in Section Achievability. "[...] to reduce by 50% the use and risk of pesticides by 2030.". This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 5% – 10%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

Reference: Pesticide Use and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture (2023)

Targeting roots directly to minimize surface N2​O and energy usage for irrigation. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 2.1% – 5.35%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits.

Reference: Effects of subsurface drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management on N2O emissions and forage yield (2025)

Periodic soil aeration to inhibit anaerobic methane production. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 46% – 48%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Rice.

Reference: Exploring the Impact of Alternate Wetting and Drying and the System of Rice Intensification on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review (2024)

Cultivating improved rice varieties with lower methane-producing root characteristics to reduce paddy field emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 18% – 45%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Rice.

Reference: Advanced technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields: Is hybrid rice the game changer? (2025)

Applying nitrification inhibitors with nitrogen fertilizer in rice paddies to slow nitrification and reduce N2O emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 7.9% – 17%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Rice.

Reference: Unraveling the efficacy of nitrification inhibitors (DCD and DMPP) in reducing nitrogen gases emissions across agroecosystems: A three-decade global data synthesis (1993–2021) (2022)

Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer timing, rate, and placement in rice production to minimize N2O and methane emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 7.5% – 27.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Rice.

Reference: Addressing nitrogenous gases from croplands toward low-emission agriculture (2022)

Applying 4R Nutrient Stewardship principles (right source, rate, time, place) to reduce fertilizer use and GHG in rice production. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 15% – 35%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Rice.

Reference: Greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated paddy rice as influenced by crop management practices and nitrogen fertilization rates (2022)

Building soil organic carbon through improved cropland management and integration of regenerative cropland practices. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables, Beans, Corn, Wheat, Soy.

Reference: A Global Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Management Practices on Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity from Cropland Soils (2016)

Eliminating burning and retaining trash mulch to sequester soil carbon. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 20% – 35%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Sugar.

Reference: Effects of burned and unburned sugarcane harvesting systems on soil CO2 emission and soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes (2021)

Combined drip irrigation and liquid nutrient delivery to prevent leaching. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 4.5% – 15%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Vegetables.

Reference: Balancing high yields and low N2O emissions from greenhouse vegetable fields with large water and fertilizer input (2022)

Deforestation & Conversion-Free Sourcing of Feed for Animal Production. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 100%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Deforestation- and conversion-free supply chains and land use change emissions (Accountability Framework initiative) (2022)

Direct areas of animal production are Deforestation & Conversion-Free. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 100%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Pork.

References:

Deforestation & Conversion-Free Sourcing of Annual Crops. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 100%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Oil Crops, Starch Crops, Vegetables.

Reference: Statistical Land Use Change Emissions From Deforestation and Land Occupation for Crops (WRI Technical Note) (2024)

Deforestation- and conversion-free sourcing of perennial crops. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 100%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm, Spices, Coffee, Cacao, Nuts, Fruits, Tea, Coconut.

References:

Optimizing cold chain, logistics, and routing to reduce spoilage during product distribution. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 7% – 17%.

Reference: Reducing Food Loss and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions Using a Dynamic Shelf Life Approach (2025)

Maximizing use of edible surplus through donation, upcycling, and animal feed diversion. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 11% – 21%.

References:

Improving on-farm harvest timing, technique, and storage to minimize post-harvest losses. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 1% – 5%.

References:

Comprehensive food waste halving aligned with UN SDG 12.3 target by 2030; Pacific Coast Food Waste Commitment targeting 50% reduction across participating companies, Major retailer commitments to halve food waste across operations and supply chains. This abatement lever will impact the Retailing carbon lifecycle stage.

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Broad food loss and waste reduction initiatives targeting 17% of supply chain losses. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage.

References:

Improving inventory management, date labeling, and demand forecasting to reduce retail waste. This abatement lever will impact the Retailing carbon lifecycle stage.

Reference: SDG Target 12.3 on Food Loss and Waste: 2024 Progress Report (Champions 12.3 / WRI) (2024)

Improving beef production efficiency through optimized feed formulation. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 8% – 27%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Beef.

Reference: Greenhouse gas emissions in US beef production can be reduced by up to 30% with the adoption of selected mitigation measures (2024)

Sourcing cattle feed from supply chains certified as free from deforestation and ecosystem conversion. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 10% – 25%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Beef.

Reference: From pastures to plates: The thorny path to achieving deforestation-free cattle from Brazil to European consumers (2025)

Sourcing cattle feed grown using regenerative agriculture practices that build soil carbon and reduce synthetic inputs. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 8% – 20%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Beef.

Reference: Greenhouse gas emissions in US beef production can be reduced by up to 30% with the adoption of selected mitigation measures (2024)

Using rotational grazing with short graze periods and long recovery intervals to build soil carbon and reduce methane intensity. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 15 – 35%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Beef.

Reference: Adaptive multi-paddock grazing increases soil carbon stocks and decreases the carbon footprint of beef production in Ontario, Canada (2024)

Raising beef cattle under certified organic standards, avoiding synthetic inputs to support soil health and biodiversity. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6% – 8%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Beef.

Reference: Climate impacts of alternative beef production systems depend on the functional unit used: Weight or monetary value (2024)

Integrating trees into cattle pastures to sequester carbon, reduce heat stress, and improve pasture productivity. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 12% – 14%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Beef.

Reference: Greenhouse gas emissions in US beef production can be reduced by up to 30% with the adoption of selected mitigation measures (2024)

Feeding Asparagopsis red algae to reduce rumen methanogenesis. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 22.5% – 40%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Beef.

Reference: Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) supplementation reduces enteric methane by over 80 percent in beef steers (2021)

Blending biochar into dairy manure to adsorb nutrients and reduce methane and N2O from storage. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 25% – 27%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Dairy Manure Co-composting with Wood Biochar Plays a Critical Role in Meeting Global Methane Goals (2022)

Improving dairy production efficiency through optimized feed formulation. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 18% – 32%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from US dairy farms toward a net zero goal (2025)

Sourcing dairy feed from deforestation- and conversion-free (DCF) crop supply chains. This abatement lever will impact the Land Use Change carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3% – 13%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Towards decarbonizing the supply chain of dairy industry: current practice and emerging strategies (2025)

Adding canola oil to dairy rations to suppress enteric methane via rumen lipid effects. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 7.7% – 8.2%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Meta-Analysis of Dietary Interventions for Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants (2025)

Enhancing dairy herd health through improved monitoring, veterinary care, genetics, and biosecurity to improve productivity per unit of emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 18% – 30%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Improve animal health to reduce livestock emissions: quantifying an open goal (2024)

Improving forage digestibility and nutritional density to lower methane per unit of milk produced. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3.3% – 27.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Advances in nutrition and feed additives to mitigate enteric methane emissions (2024)

Transitioning dairy operations to certified organic management with lower synthetic input use. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6% – 8%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: The carbon footprint of milk during the conversion from conventional to organic production on a dairy farm in central Germany (2022)

Sourcing dairy cattle feed from regeneratively managed cropland to reduce upstream emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 9% – 19%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Mapping the carbon footprint of milk production from cattle: A systematic review (2022)

Integrating trees into pastureland to sequester carbon and provide shade for livestock. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Silvopastoral systems and remnant forests enhance carbon storage in livestock-dominated landscapes (2022)

Adding 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) to dairy feed to inhibit methanogenesis in the rumen. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3.5% – 20.9%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Meta-Analysis of Dietary Interventions for Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants (2025)

Supplementing dairy diets with nitrate compounds that serve as alternative hydrogen sinks in the rumen. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 7.2% – 11%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: Meta-Analysis of Dietary Interventions for Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants (2025)

Feeding red seaweed (Asparagopsis) supplements to dairy cattle to inhibit enteric methane production. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 2.8% – 14.3%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

Reference: A meta-analysis of effects of dietary seaweed on beef and dairy cattle performance and methane yield (2021)

Adding DSM's Bovaer (3-NOP) feed additive to ruminant diets to reduce enteric methane emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 15% – 22.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: Understanding heterogeneity in methane emissions from confinement-fed dairy and beef cattle supplemented with Bovaer: a meta-analysis (2025)

Broad category of feed additives (algaes/seaweeds, tannins, oils, etc.) that modulate rumen methane output. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6.5% – 30%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: Management of Enteric Methane Emissions in Ruminants Using Feed Additives: A Review (2022)

Using high-sugar grass varieties to shift rumen fermentation toward propionate and away from methane. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 5.5% – 7%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: In Vitro Fermentation Patterns and Methane Output of Perennial Ryegrass Differing in Water-Soluble Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Concentrations (2020)

Administering chemical methane inhibitors (e.g., chloroform analogs) to suppress rumen methane output. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 11% – 17.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: A Review of 3-Nitrooxypropanol for Enteric Methane Mitigation from Ruminant Livestock (2021)

Selectively breeding ruminants for lower methane emissions traits over successive generations. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 2.7% – 5.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: Mitigation of greenhouse gases in dairy cattle via genetic selection: 2. Incorporating methane emissions into the breeding goal (2020)

Feeding dietary nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor to divert hydrogen from methane production. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 8% – 16%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: Enteric methane mitigation interventions (2022)

Optimizing feed conversion efficiency across livestock species through feed design and optimization. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 8% – 20%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Costs of transitioning the livestock sector to net-zero emissions under future climates (2025)

Acidifying slurry with sulfuric acid to inhibit methanogenesis and reduce ammonia volatilization. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 30% – 47%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Methane emission reduction by adding sulfate to liquid dairy manure (2025)

Aerating cattle slurry to convert anaerobic decomposition to aerobic, suppressing methane. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 20% – 49%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: Reducing Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Ammonia Emissions from Stored Pig Slurry Using Bacillus-Biological Additives and Aeration (2024)

Aerating pig slurry storage to shift decomposition from methane-producing to aerobic pathways. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 26.5% – 49.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Pork.

Reference: Simple Management Changes Drastically Reduce Pig House Methane Emission in Combined Experimental and Modeling Study (2023)

Capturing biogas from liquid manure storage via covered lagoons or anaerobic digesters. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 26% – 28%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Life cycle environmental impacts of compressed biogas production through anaerobic digestion of manure and municipal organic waste (2021)

Composting livestock manure to reduce methane emissions from anaerobic open storage and produce beneficial soil amendments. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 25% – 36%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from Composting (2023)

Adding lipid supplements to diets to reduce methane from manure decomposition. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3% – 9%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef.

Reference: Invited review: Advances in nutrition and feed additives to mitigate enteric methane emissions (2024)

Installing impermeable covers on manure lagoons to capture methane for flaring or energy recovery, preventing atmospheric release. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 37.5% – 45%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Pork.

Reference: Real-Scale Study on Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction from Dairy Liquid Manure with the Commercial Additive SOP LAGOON (2023)

Cooling or covering manure storage to slow microbial methane and N2O production rates. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 4.2% – 8.4%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Review of research on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from manure storage across Canada from 1990 to 2023 (2025)

Mechanically separating manure solids from liquids to reduce anaerobic decomposition and methane. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Methane carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 11.2% – 32.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

Reference: Evaluation of solid-liquid separation of dairy manure with different separator screen sizes on the resource recovery and greenhouse gas emissions reduction (2024)

Improving pork production efficiency through optimized feed formulation. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 7.5% – 35%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Pork.

Reference: A systematic review of life-cycle GHG emissions from intensive pig farming: Accounting and mitigation (2024)

Improving poultry production efficiency through optimized feed formulation. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6% – 54%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Poultry.

Reference: A meta-analysis of the sources of variation in the environmental impacts of different broiler production systems (2024)

Composting poultry litter under controlled aerobic conditions to minimize methane and nitrous oxide emissions versus open storage. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management - Manure carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 8.8% – 31.5%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Poultry.

Reference: A global meta-analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon and nitrogen losses during livestock manure composting: Influencing factors and mitigation strategies (2023)

Multiple practices for poultry-specific livestock GHG abatement. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 5% – 20%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Poultry.

Reference: A review of mitigation technologies and management strategies for greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions in livestock production (2024)

Reduce high-impact ingredients (e.g. soy / fishmeal); switch to alternate lower-impact feedstocks. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 10% – 40%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Seafood Aquaculture.

Reference: Carbon footprint assessment and reduction strategies for aquaculture: A review (2025)

Using seaweed/bivalves to absorb nitrogen and CO2​ in the farm's water column. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 16% – 18%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Seafood.

Reference: Life cycle assessment of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture: A review on methodology and challenges for its sustainability evaluation (2024)

Improvements in on-site energy efficiency (e.g., direct fuel use, process optimization) can reduce energy consumption. This abatement lever will impact the Retailing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 6% – 8%.

Reference: Decarbonizing grocery (McKinsey & Company) + IEA Energy Efficiency 2024 (2024)

Increasing Own Operations adoption of solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources. This abatement lever will impact the Retailing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 20% – 100%.

Reference: IEA Energy Efficiency 2025 + Corporate renewable energy procurement case studies (2025)

Replacing high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants with low-GWP or natural alternatives across own operations. This abatement lever will impact the Retailing carbon lifecycle stage.

Reference: EPA AIM Act: Phasedown of Hydrofluorocarbons + kW Engineering supermarket refrigerant analysis (2024)

Improving refrigeration and cold storage system efficiency in distribution centers to reduce energy use and GHG emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Processing & Manufacturing carbon lifecycle stage. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Row Crops, Vegetables, Fruits.

Reference: Refrigeration technologies to increase cold chain sustainability (Nature Reviews Clean Technology) (2025)

Incorporating post-consumer recycled (PCR) content into packaging to reduce virgin material use and lifecycle GHG emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Packaging carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 67% – 71%.

Reference: APR Virgin vs. Recycled Plastic LCA (Franklin Associates) + US Plastics Pact PCR targets (2020)

Reducing packaging weight and right-sizing containers to minimize material use and subsequent impacts. This abatement lever will impact the Packaging carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 10% – 30%.

Reference: A Sustainable Packaging Logistics Framework for Reducing GHG Emissions in Food Supply Chains (Applied Sciences/MDPI) (2025)

Increase use of Post-Consumer Recycled Materials in Packaging. This abatement lever will impact the Packaging carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 67% – 87%.

Reference: Ellen MacArthur Foundation Global Commitment 2024 Progress Report + denkstatt/ALPLA rPET LCA (2024)

79% emission reduction when using r-PET. This abatement lever will impact the Packaging carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 79% – 93%.

Reference: Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling PET: A Comparative Case Study in Taiwan (Recycling/MDPI) + ALPLA/denkstatt rPET carbon footprint study (2025)

Capturing methane from cherry pulp fermentation/wastewater at the farm level. This abatement lever will impact the Processing & Manufacturing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 15% – 25%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Coffee.

Reference: Reduction of carbon and water footprints in wet coffee processing and optimization of wastewater treatment (Cleaner Production Letters, 2025) (2025)

Implementing energy efficiency audits and equipment upgrades in supplier manufacturing operations to reduce direct energy consumption and GHG. This abatement lever will impact the Processing & Manufacturing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 10% – 45%.

Reference: Energy saving potential analysis applying factory scale energy audit – A case study of food production (Heliyon/PMC) (2023)

Improvements in Supplier's on-site energy efficiency (e.g., direct fuel use, process optimization) can reduce energy consumption. This abatement lever will impact the Processing & Manufacturing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 15% – 35%.

Reference: IEA Energy Efficiency 2022 + IEA Energy Efficiency 2024 (2022)

Implementing energy efficiency audits and equipment upgrades in manufacturing operations to reduce direct energy consumption and GHG. This abatement lever will impact the Processing & Manufacturing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 10% – 25%.

Reference: Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in the Food Processing Chain (Springer, 2025) (2025)

Increasing supplier adoption of solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources. This abatement lever will impact the Processing & Manufacturing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 20% – 100%.

Reference: IEA Renewables 2024 + RE100 Corporate Renewable Energy Initiative (2024)

Supporting suppliers in replacing high-GWP refrigerants with natural or low-GWP alternatives in their facilities. This abatement lever will impact the Retailing carbon lifecycle stage.

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Reducing methane emissions from palm oil mill effluent through gas capture. This abatement lever will impact the Processing & Manufacturing carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 40% – 65%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Palm.

Reference: LCA and economic analysis of two-stage anaerobic co-digestion of POME for biogas production (Process Safety & Environmental Protection, 2024) (2024)

Switching to recycled or bio-based chemical feedstocks to reduce raw material emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Raw Materials carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 62% – 78%.

Reference: Life-Cycle Assessment of Biochemicals with Clear Near-Term Market Potential (ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2023) (2023)

Average emissions reduction from switching to recycled or alternative materials across categories. This abatement lever will impact the Raw Materials carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 36% – 61%.

Reference: Decarbonising the plastic industry: A review of carbon emissions in the lifecycle of plastics production (Science of the Total Environment, 2025) (2025)

Using recycled fiber and sustainable forestry-sourced pulp to reduce paper production emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Raw Materials carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 35% – 37%.

Reference: Project Drawdown – Recycled Paper + AF&PA U.S. Pulp & Paper GHG Analysis (2024) (2024)

Reduction potentials for pharmaceutical raw materials (assumed minimal, highly regulated sector). This abatement lever will impact the Raw Materials carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 1% – 4%.

Reference: Environmental Sustainability Strategy of API Manufacturing (ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2025) + ACS GCI Pharmaceutical Roundtable (2025)

Transitioning to recycled and bio-based plastics to reduce virgin petrochemical demand. This abatement lever will impact the Raw Materials carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 66% – 71%.

Reference: APR Virgin vs. Recycled Plastic LCA (Franklin Associates, 2020) + Plastics Europe Circular Economy 2024 Report (2020)

Shifting to recycled fibers, organic materials, and circular textile production models. This abatement lever will impact the Raw Materials carbon lifecycle stage.

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GHG reductions when moving from dairy milk to plant-based alternatives (e.g. Almond milk, Oat milk, rice milk). This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 62% – 78%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow.

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GHG reductions possible when changing to Impossible burger, Beyond burger, Black bean burger etc. in comparison to animal meat. This abatement lever will impact the Land Management carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 65% – 96%. This abatement lever applies to the following crops: Dairy Cow, Beef, Poultry, Pork.

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Transitioning owned and contracted transportation fleets from diesel to battery electric vehicles to eliminate tailpipe emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 48% – 93%.

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Consolidating less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments into full truckloads (FTL) to improve utilization and reduce transport emissions. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 5% – 20%.

Reference: GEODIS Retail Consolidation GHG Analysis + Smart Freight Centre GLEC Framework v3.0 (2023) (2024)

Largest potential by switching modes, in additional part SAF implementation possible, but very limited. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 27% – 98%.

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Transport optimization as biggest lever. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 30% – 60%.

Reference: Rail and waterborne — best for low-carbon motorised transport (European Environment Agency, 2024) (2024)

Shifting to low emission fuels such (e.g. HVO100, EVs considering availability), low emission modes (e.g. water and rail), and optimize transport management (e.g. TMS implementation). This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 45% – 70%.

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Shifting freight from road to waterway transport to reduce GHG emissions per tonne-km. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 3% – 9%.

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Requiring logistics partners to meet high fuel efficiency standards, such as EPA SmartWay Top-Tier certification. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 10% – 20%.

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Shifting freight from road to rail transport, which emits significantly lower GHG per tonne-km than trucking. This abatement lever will impact the Transportation carbon lifecycle stage, producing an estimated GHG reduction of that stage between 30% – 75%.

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