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Calculating packaging emissions with the Carbon Life Cycle
Calculating packaging emissions with the Carbon Life Cycle

How we calculate packaging emissions of a product's carbon footprint

Jemima Snow avatar
Written by Jemima Snow
Updated over 4 months ago

In this article:

Overview of packaging emissions

HowGood’s Carbon Life Cycle module has been designed according to the GHG Protocol Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard (referred to as the Product Standard) guidance for GHG emissions measurement and reduction, as well as ISO 14067. It measures the carbon footprint of an individual product for its entire life cycle, from farm through processing, transport, manufacturing, packaging, product use and disposal.

Packaging contributes an average of 5% to a food product’s carbon footprint (Science, Poore & Nemecek 2018), but can vary by material type, weight, production process, packaging design, number of uses and recyclability. The Packaging stage of the Carbon Life Cycle module allows you to account for each layer of packaging that is used in your products, and achieve a more accurate assessment of your product carbon footprint. Packaging emissions are incorporated into the Packaging stage of the Carbon Life Cycle in Latis, and individual product assessments where packaging details have been included.

How to update the Packaging details on an individual product

To update the Packaging details on an individual product:

  1. Navigate to the Formula Profile page.

  2. Go to Other Details > Packaging > + Add Packaging.

  3. Select the Packaging Type, Material, Region, and Material weight.

Packaging field definitions

Field

Description / Definition

Packaging Unit Type

The following options are available:

  1. Consumer Unit - The individual product unit that the end customer consumes after purchase.
    Example: An individual 99g pouch of yogurt.

  2. Selling Unit - The packaged product that the end customer purchases from a retailer.
    Example: A cardboard box containing 4 x 99ghow b pouches of yogurt.

  3. Tray / Crate - The shipping box or container that the manufacturer or distributor ships the product to the retailer in.
    Example: A cardboard shipping box containing 24x smaller boxes of yogurt pouches.

  4. Pallet / Transportation Unit - The pallet or other transportation unit that the manufacturer or distributor uses to stack the trays/crates/shipping boxes onto for transport.

Consumer Units

The number of Consumer Units per packaging layer.

Material

The material the selected Packaging Unit is made from. Choose from 80+ packaging material options. See Common packaging materials and shapes.

Region

The region in which the Material was manufactured. It takes into account the manufacturing type of that particular layer of packaging, and the grid mix in the region in which it was manufactured.

Material Weight

The weight of the packaging layer (kg/unit of packaging).

Uses

The average number of times that Packaging Unit Type can be reused.

Packaging field calculations

The emissions associated with each layer of a product's packaging are allocated to the product based on the number of consumer units. For each layer of packaging, enter the total number of consumer units contained within.

Example:

The following example of a yogurt pouch product assumes that 1x pallet contains 4x trays, which each contain 24x selling units made up of 4x consumer units each.

  • Consumer Units = 1 (An individual 99g pouch of yogurt)

  • Selling Units = 4 (A cardboard box containing 4 x 99g pouches of yogurt)

  • Tray/Crate = 96 (A cardboard shipping box containing 24x smaller boxes of yogurt pouches)

  • Pallet/Transportation Unit = 384 (A pallet used to stack four trays of yogurt pouch products into a refrigerated truck)

Note: the units of measurement used in the Packaging module need to match the Unit Size in the Sales & Distribution tab on the Formula Profile page (ie. kg).

Common packaging materials and shapes

Packaging Material in Latis

Examples

PP (bottle, blow molding)

milk bottle, squeeze bottle, ketchup and syrup bottle

PP (caps, injected)

bottle caps, jugs caps

PP (cups, thermoforming)

yogurt container, deli food container, hot food container, ready to eat meals, cream & cheese containers, sour cream containers.

PP flexible, extrusion

pack biscuits, snack foods and dried foods, drinking straws, potato chips bag

PET film

frozen dinners packaging, printable films

PET caps, injection

Cold drinks jugs, water gallons

PET flexible, extrusion

prepared food trays

PET bottle

water bottle, soda bottle, juice bottle, peanut butter jar, salad dressing bottles

HDPE bottle blow molding

milk jugs, juice jugs, chocolate syrup bottles, squeeze bottles, non-carbonated drinks bottles

HDPE caps, injected

bottle caps, jugs caps, rigid food container

LDPE film

supermarket bags, ziploc bags, sandwich bags, cereal box liner, bread bag

LLDPE caps, injected

jugs caps, fruit container

PS cup, thermoforming

Meat trays, (grocery and restaurant meat containers)

Food service containers (to-go coffee cups, plastic plates, and bowls, disposable cutlery)

Egg cartons

PS flexible, extrusion

Hard containers, plastic boxes

PVC film

wrap film, layers, lid

PS, Hips cups

Meat trays, (grocery and restaurant meat containers)

Food service containers (to-go coffee cups, plastic plates, and bowls, disposable cutlery)

Egg cartons

PLA, cups, thermoformed (FFS)

Clear cups, tea cups, bubble tea cups

PET jugs, injected

Cold drinks, water gallon

PA6 film

multilayer film, greaseproof bag

PA6, thermoforming

pack meats and cheeses 3D shape

PVdC, film

wrap, packing poultry

PVdC, thermoforming

Hard containers, plastic boxes

PE, film

Vacuum seal bags, single use pods, seal packaging for fruits and vegetables

PE, thermoforming

Bakery box, clear trays

LDPE thermoforming

food storage container, hot and cold cups

Frequently Asked Questions

Why isn't tape included in the list of common packaging materials?

Packaging tape has not been included in the list of common materials due to its insignificant contribution to a product's overall packaging emissions.

HowGood's research methodology prioritizes the materials that are going to have the most impact on a product's footprint. For further questions, please contact your Customer Success Manager at [email protected].

How can we account for multi-layer/metallized films that contain specific resins?

Multilayer films can be broken out if the composition of the film is known.

Example:

If you procure 100 MT of a film that is composed of 20% PP and 80% PE, you can input 20 MT PP and 80 MT PE.

If this isn't an option, contact your Customer Success Manager and let us know the name of the material so we can look into adding an additional materials type.

Does ‘cardboard’ mean the same as “corrugate”? “Cardboard” isn’t an official packaging type.

Yes

What material should be used for “paperboard”?

Paper linerboard.

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